class: right, middle, my-title, title-slide .title[ # Ecosystem Based Management: <br /> engagement and governance, US perspective ] .subtitle[ ## Balancing resource management and conservation: EBM in practice <br /> 22 November 2022 ] .author[ ### Sarah Gaichas<br /> NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center <br /> <br /> With thanks to Brandon Muffley, Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management Council ] --- class: top, left <style> p.caption { font-size: 0.6em; } </style> <style> .reduced_opacity { opacity: 0.5; } </style> ## Scientific concepts → management and stakeholder engagement .pull-left-60[ - ICES WGNARS international science <a name=cite-depiper_operationalizing_2017></a>([DePiper, et al., 2017](https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article/74/8/2076/3094701)) + Indicator development + Worked examples of IEA components - Engagement improves ecosystem reporting + Indicators linked to management objectives + Open science emphasis <a name=cite-bastille_improving_2021></a>([Bastille, et al., 2021](https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2021.1846155)) + Fishery-relevant subset of full Ecosystem Status Reports - Engagement to build a Council's EAFM process <a name=cite-muffley_there_2021></a>([Muffley, et al., 2021](https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2021.1846156)) + Risk assessment <a name=cite-gaichas_implementing_2018></a>([Gaichas, et al., 2018](https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2018.00442/abstract)) + Conceptual modeling <a name=cite-depiper_learning_2021></a>([DePiper, et al., 2021](https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsab054)) + Management strategy evaluation ([MSE](https://www.mafmc.org/actions/summer-flounder-mse)) - Governance and climate change ] .pull-right-40[ *The IEA Loop<sup>1</sup>*  .footnote[ [1] https://www.integratedecosystemassessment.noaa.gov/national/IEA-approach ] ] ??? an iterative, collaborative process has evolved to formulate ecosystem advice and to apply it in decision making --- ## International scientific collaboration: [ICES WGNARS](https://www.ices.dk/community/groups/Pages/WGNARS.aspx) .pull-left[ .center[  ] Deep dive into components of the IEA process from a scientific perspective * Outlining potential management objectives to start conversations with managers * Example ecosystem indicators, conceptual models, and risk assessments * Productive exchange between different national frameworks for EBFM/Ocean management and scientific databases ] .pull-right[  ] --- ## Collaborative interdisciplinary process and worked examples ([DePiper, et al., 2017](https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article/74/8/2076/3094701)) .pull-left[  ] .pull-right[  ] --- background-image: url("https://github.com/NOAA-EDAB/presentations/raw/master/docs/EDAB_images/nes-components-abstracted.png") background-size: 700px background-position: right bottom ## Engagement improving State of the Ecosystem (SOE) Reporting: Context for busy people *"So what?" --John Boreman, September 2016* 1. Clear linkage of ecosystem indicators with management objectives 1. Synthesis across indicators for big picture 1. Indicators related to management objectives being placed first in report 1. Short (< 40 pages), non-technical (but rigorous) text 1. Emphasis on reproducibility ??? In 2016, we began taking steps to address these common critiques of the ESR model Many indicators presented at WGNARS, used in larger Ecosystem Status reports Shorter, fishery specific State of the Ecosystem (SOE) report with conceptual models prototyped based on California Current reporting Feedback from fishery managers redesigned reporting to align with objectives outlined by WGNARS --- ## Report structure revised in 2021 to address Council requests and improve synthesis .pull-left[ * Performance relative to management objectives - *What* does the indicator say--up, down, stable? - *Why* do we think it is changing: integrates synthesis themes - Multiple drivers - Regime shifts - Ecosystem reorganization * Objectives - Seafood production - Profits - Recreational opportunities - Stability - Social and cultural - Protected species ] .pull-right[ * Risks to meeting fishery management objectives - *What* does the indicator say--up, down, stable? - *Why* this is important to managers: integrates synthesis themes - Multiple drivers - Regime shifts - Ecosystem reorganization * Risk categories - Climate: warming, ocean currents, acidification - Habitat changes (incl. vulnerability analysis) - Productivity changes (system and fish) - Species interaction changes - Community structure changes - Other ocean uses - Offshore wind development ] --- background-image: url("https://github.com/NOAA-EDAB/presentations/raw/master/docs/EDAB_images/SOE-MA-final-03.23.22-no marks_Page_2.png") background-size: 500px background-position: right ## State of the Ecosystem Summary 2022: **Performance relative to management objectives** .pull-left-60[ Seafood production , status not evaluated Profits , status not evaluated Recreational opportunities: Effort  ; Effort diversity   Stability: Fishery  ; Ecological   Social and cultural, trend not evaluated, status of: * Fishing engagement and reliance by community * Environmental Justice (EJ) Vulnerability by community Protected species: * Maintain bycatch below thresholds   * Recover endangered populations (NARW)   ] .pull-right-40[] --- background-image: url("https://github.com/NOAA-EDAB/presentations/raw/master/docs/EDAB_images/SOE-MA-final-03.23.22-no marks_Page_3.png") background-size: 500px background-position: right ## State of the Ecosystem Summary 2022: **Risks to meeting fishery management objectives** .pull-left-60[ Climate: warming and changing oceanography continue * Heat waves and Gulf Stream instability * Estuarine, coastal, and offshore habitats affected, with range of species responses * Below average summer 2021 phytoplankton * Multiple fish with poor condition, declining productivity Other ocean uses: offshore wind development * Current revenue in proposed areas - 1-31% by port (some with EJ concerns) - 0-20% by managed species * Different development impacts for species preferring soft bottom vs. hard bottom * Overlap with one of the only known right whale foraging habitats, increased vessel strike and noise risks * Rapid buildout in patchwork of areas * Scientific survey mitigation required ] .pull-right-40[] --- ## Continuing dialogue with managers shapes report and indicators presented each year: 2022 State of the Ecosystem Request tracking memo .scroll-output[ <table class="table" style="font-size: 12px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> Request </th> <th style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;"> Year </th> <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> Source </th> <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> Status </th> <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> Progress </th> <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> Memo Section </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Add "This report is for [audience]" </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> MAFMC SSC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> In SOE </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Introduction section </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 1 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> State management objectives first in report </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> NEFMC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> In SOE </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Introduction section + Table </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 2 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Ocean acidification (OA) in NEFMC SOE </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> NEFMC SSC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> In SOE </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Climate risks section </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 3 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Habitat impact of fishing based on gear. </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> NEFMC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> In SOE </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Habitat risks section </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 4 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Revisit right whale language </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> NEFMC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> In SOE </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Protected species section </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 5 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Sum of TAC/ Landings relative to TAC </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> MAFMC SSC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> In SOE-MAFMC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Seafood production section </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 6 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Estuarine Water Quality </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2020 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> NEFMC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> In SOE-MAFMC, In progress-NEFMC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Climate and Habitat Risks sections MAFMC; Intern collated New England NERRS data </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 7 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> More direct opportunities for feedback </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> MAFMC SSC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> In progress </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> MAFMC SSC ecosystem subgroup </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 8 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Further definition of regime shift </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> MAFMC SSC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> In progress </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Regime shift analyses for specific indicators define "abrupt" and "persistent" quantitatively </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 9 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Expand collaboration with Canadian counterparts </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> MAFMC SSC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> In progress </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Currently drafting a NMFS-DFO climate/fisheries collaboration framework. </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 10 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Fall turnover date index </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> MAFMC SSC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> In progress </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> See Current Conditions report </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 11 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Links between species availability inshore/offshore (estuarine conditions) and trends in recreational fishing effort? </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> MAFMC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> In progress </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Bluefish prey index inshore/offshore partially addresses </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 12 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Apex predator index (pinnipeds) </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> NEFMC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> In progress </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Protected species branch developing time series </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 13 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Forage availability index (Herring/Sandlance) </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> NEFMC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> In progress </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Bluefish prey index partially addresses </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 14 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Fishery gear modifications accounted for in shark CPUE? </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> MAFMC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> In progress </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Updated methods in tech-doc </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 15 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Trend analysis </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> NEFMC SSC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> In progress </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Evaluating empirical thresholds </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 16 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Regime shifts in Social-Economic indicators </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> NEFMC SSC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> In progress </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> National working group and regional study </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 17 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Linking Condition </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2020 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> MAFMC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> In progress </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Not ready for 2022 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 18 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Cumulative weather index </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2020 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> MAFMC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> In progress </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Data gathered for prototype </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 19 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> VAST and uncertainty </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2020 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> Both Councils </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> In progress </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Not ready for 2022 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 20 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Seal index </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2020 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> MAFMC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> In progress </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Not ready for 2022 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 21 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Breakpoints </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2020 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> NEFMC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> In progress </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Evaluating empirical thresholds </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 22 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Management complexity </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2019 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> MAFMC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> In progress </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Student work needs further analysis, no further work this year </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 23 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Shellfish growth/distribution linked to climate (system productivity) </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2019 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> MAFMC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> In progress </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Project with A. Hollander </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 24 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Avg weight of diet components by feeding group </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2019 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> Internal </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> In progress </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Part of fish condition project </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 25 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Mean stomach weight across feeding guilds </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2019 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> MAFMC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> In progress </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Intern evaluated trends in guild diets </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 26 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Inflection points for indicators </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2019 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> Both Councils </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> In progress </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Evaluating empirical thresholds </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 27 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Recreational bycatch mortality as an indicator of regulatory waste </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> MAFMC SSC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> Not started </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Lacking resources this year </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 28 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Sturgeon Bycatch </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> MAFMC SSC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> Not started </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Lacking resources this year </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 29 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Decomposition of diversity drivers highlighting social components </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> MAFMC SSC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> Not started </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Lacking resources this year </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 30 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Changing per capita seafood consumption as driver of revenue? </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> MAFMC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> Not started </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Lacking resources this year </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 31 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Nutrient input, Benthic Flux and POC(particulate organic carbon ) to inform benthic productivity by something other than surface indidcators </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> MAFMC SSC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> Not started </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Lacking resources this year </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 32 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Relate OA to nutrient input; are there "dead zones" (hypoxia)? </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> MAFMC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> Not started </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Lacking resources this year </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 33 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Indicators of chemical pollution in offshore waters </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> MAFMC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> Not started </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Lacking resources this year </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 34 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> How does phyto size comp affect EOF indicator, if at all? </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> MAFMC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> Not started </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> May pursue with MAFMC SSC eco WG </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 35 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Indicator of scallop pred pops poorly sampled by bottom trawls </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> NEFMC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> Not started </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Lacking resources this year </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 36 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Compare EOF (Link) thresholds to empirical thresholds (Large, Tam) </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> MAFMC SSC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> Not started </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> May pursue with MAFMC SSC eco WG </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 37 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Time series analysis (Zooplankton/Forage fish) to tie into regime shifts </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> MAFMC SSC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> Not started </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Lacking resources this year </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 38 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Optimum yield for ecosystem </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2021 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> NEFMC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> Not started </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> May pursue with MAFMC SSC eco WG </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 39 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Re-evaluate EPUs </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2020 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> NEFMC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> Not started </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Lacking resources this year </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 40 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Incorporate social sciences survey from council </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2020 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> NEFMC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> Not started </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Lacking resources this year </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 41 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Biomass of spp not included in BTS </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2020 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> MAFMC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> Not started </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Lacking resources this year </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 42 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Reduce indicator dimensionality with multivariate statistics </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2020 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> NEFMC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> Not started </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Lacking resources this year </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 43 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Estuarine condition relative to power plants and temp </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2019 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> MAFMC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> Not started </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Lacking resources this year </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 44 </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;width: 10.5cm; "> Young of Year index from multiple surveys </td> <td style="text-align:right;width: 1cm; "> 2019 </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> MAFMC </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 4.5cm; "> Not started </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 13.5cm; "> Lacking resources this year </td> <td style="text-align:left;width: 1.5cm; "> 45 </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> ] --- ## Engagement: Why develop an ecosystem approach? *"We rebuilt all the stocks, so why is everyone still pissed off?" --Rich Seagraves* in 2011, the Mid-Atlantic Council asked: .pull-left[  ] .pull-right[  ] And many people answered, from commercial fishery, recreational fishery, environmental organization, and interested public perspectives. Visioning report: http://www.mafmc.org/s/MAFMC-stakeholder-input-report-p7b9.pdf --- ## Common themes among all stakeholder groups: >• There is a lack of confidence in the data that drive fishery management decisions. > >• Stakeholders are not as involved in the Council process as they can and should be. > >• Different jurisdictions and regulations among the many fishery management organizations result in complexity and inconsistency. > >• There is a need for increased transparency and communications in fisheries management. > >• The dynamics of the ecosystem and food web should be considered to a greater extent in fisheries management decisions. > >• Stakeholders are not adequately represented on the Council. > >• Pollution is negatively affecting the health of fish stocks. Visioning report, p. 3: http://www.mafmc.org/s/MAFMC-stakeholder-input-report-p7b9.pdf --- ## How did MAFMC develop their ecosystem approach? Visioning Project → Strategic Plan with one objective to develop >"A non-regulatory umbrella document intended to guide Council policy with respect to ecosystem considerations across existing Fishery Management Plans" .center[  ] Details, including workshop presentations and white papers: http://www.mafmc.org/eafm ??? The Mid-Atlantic Council identified several theme areas from the visioning project as noted in the left panel of the workflow graphic: forage fish, species interactions, social and economic issues, climate and habitat. The Council held full day workshops during Council meetings where experts on the topics provided overviews and Council members asked questions and discussed the issues. Workships on Forage fish, Climate, Climate and Governance, Interactions (species and fleet), and Habitat were held between 2013 and 2015, resulting in white papers on Forage fish, Climate (and habitat), Interactions (species, fleet, climate, and habitat). Social and economic considerations were integrated in each workshop rather than looked at separately. --- ## Mid-Atlantic Council Ecosystem Approach * 2016 Ecosystem Approach to Fishery Management (EAFM) Policy Guidance document: http://www.mafmc.org/s/EAFM-Doc-Revised-2019-02-08.pdf * Mid-Atlantic EAFM framework : .center[  ] ??? The Council’s EAFM framework has similarities to the IEA loop on slide 2. It uses risk assessment as a first step to prioritize combinations of managed species, fleets, and ecosystem interactions for consideration. Second, a conceptual model is developed identifying key environmental, ecological, social, economic, and management linkages for a high-priority fishery. Third, quantitative modeling addressing Council-specified questions and based on interactions identified in the conceptual model is applied to evaluate alternative management strategies that best balance management objectives. As strategies are implemented, outcomes are monitored and the process is adjusted, and/or another priority identified in risk assessment can be addressed. --- background-image: url("https://github.com/NOAA-EDAB/presentations/raw/master/docs/EDAB_images/fmars-03-00105-g011.jpg") background-size: 700px background-position: right bottom ## Engagement 1: Illustrating the use of the framework .pull-left-40[  ] .pull-right-60[ Risk assessment highlights prority species/issues for more detailed evaluation A conceptual model maps out key interactions for high risk fisheries, specifies quantitative management strategy evaluation ] ??? Quoted from [Gaichas et al 2016](https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2016.00105/full) For this example, the [existing Mid Atlantic food web model](https://noaa-edab.github.io/tech-doc/conceptual-models.html) is used to define key species interactions for each managed species, habitat expertise is needed to link habitats to species, physical oceanographic and climate expertise is needed to link key climate drivers to habitats, and the expertise of fishermen, economists and other social scientists, and fishery managers is needed to link fish with fisheries and objectives for human well-being. The key link between fisheries and human well being objectives is identified as the system of regulatory allocations of total allowable catch between states along the Mid Atlantic coast. The interaction between this allocation system (based on historical catch) and climate-driven distribution shifts of the managed species has created considerable difficulty in this region. This conceptual model clearly connects climate considerations to management, as well as habitat considerations of concern to the Council but outside Council jurisdiction (water quality in coastal estuaries). --- ## Engagement 2: Iterative development of the risk assessment .pull-left-40[  * Council staff and scientists create examples based on Council input ↑ ↓ ↑ ↓ ↑ ↓ ↑ ↓ ↑ ↓ ↑ ↓ ... * Council discusses, clarifies, revises with public input ] .pull-right-60[ <table class="table table-striped table-condensed" style="font-size: 11px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> Element </th> <th style="text-align:left;"> Definition </th> <th style="text-align:left;"> Indicators </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr grouplength="4"><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: 1px solid;"><strong>Economic</strong></td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;padding-left: 2em;" indentlevel="1"> Commercial Revenue </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Risk of not maximizing fishery value </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Revenue in aggregate </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;padding-left: 2em;" indentlevel="1"> Recreational Angler Days/Trips </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Risk of not maximizing fishery value </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Numbers of anglers and trips in aggregate </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;padding-left: 2em;" indentlevel="1"> Commercial Fishery Resilience (Revenue Diversity) </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Risk of reduced fishery business resilience </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Species diversity of revenue </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;padding-left: 2em;" indentlevel="1"> Commercial Fishery Resilience (Shoreside Support) </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Risk of reduced fishery business resilience due to shoreside support infrastructure </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Number of shoreside support businesses </td> </tr> <tr grouplength="2"><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: 1px solid;"><strong>Social</strong></td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;padding-left: 2em;" indentlevel="1"> Fleet Resilience </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Risk of reduced fishery resilience </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Number of fleets, fleet diversity </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;padding-left: 2em;" indentlevel="1"> Social-Cultural </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Risk of reduced community resilience </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Community vulnerability, fishery engagement and reliance </td> </tr> <tr grouplength="2"><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: 1px solid;"><strong>Food Production</strong></td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;padding-left: 2em;" indentlevel="1"> Commercial </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Risk of not optimizing seafood production </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Seafood landings in aggregate </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;padding-left: 2em;" indentlevel="1"> Recreational </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Risk of not maintaining personal food production </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Recreational landings in aggregate </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> ] --- ## Council-evaluated risk elements: Management <table class="table table-striped table-condensed" style="font-size: 14px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <thead> <tr> <th style="text-align:left;"> Element </th> <th style="text-align:left;"> Definition </th> <th style="text-align:left;"> Indicators </th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr grouplength="6"><td colspan="3" style="border-bottom: 1px solid;"><strong>Management</strong></td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;padding-left: 2em;" indentlevel="1"> Control </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Risk of not achieving OY due to inadequate control </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Catch compared to allocation </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;padding-left: 2em;" indentlevel="1"> Interactions </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Risk of not achieving OY due to interactions with species managed by other entities </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Number and type of interactions with protected or non-MAFMC managed species, co-management </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;padding-left: 2em;" indentlevel="1"> Other ocean uses </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Risk of not achieving OY due to other human uses </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Fishery overlap with energy/mining areas </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;padding-left: 2em;" indentlevel="1"> Regulatory complexity </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Risk of not achieving compliance due to complexity </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Number of regulations by species </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;padding-left: 2em;" indentlevel="1"> Discards </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Risk of not minimizing bycatch to extent practicable </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Standardized Bycatch Reporting </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;padding-left: 2em;" indentlevel="1"> Allocation </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Risk of not achieving OY due to spatial mismatch of stocks and management </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> Distribution shifts + number of interests </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> --- background-image: url("https://github.com/NOAA-EDAB/presentations/raw/master/docs/EDAB_images/Rosellon-Druker2021Fig2.png") background-size: 300px background-position: right ## Engagement 3: Conceptual modeling, from science- to stakeholder-driven .pull-left-70[ Mid-Atlantic conceptual model developed by a technical team and Council representatives ([DePiper, et al., 2021](https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsab054)) Collaborative conceptual modeling with stakeholders: * Alaska sablefish <a name=cite-rosellon-druker_participatory_2021></a>([Rosellon-Druker, et al., 2021](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064520301673)) * Pacific herring <a name=cite-levin_thirty-two_2016></a>([Levin, et al., 2016](https://doi.org/10.1002/ehs2.1213)) * Gulf of Mexico red tides <a name=cite-spooner_using_2021></a>([Spooner, et al., 2021](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08920753.2021.1846152)) * South Atlantic pelagic species management * Caribbean EBFM development ] .pull-right-30[] --- ## South Atlantic example: citizen science for data-poor migratory species .pull-left[  https://safmc.net/citizen-science/dolphin-wahoo-participatory-workshops/ ] .pull-right[ .center[   ] .footnote[ https://safmc-shinyapps.shinyapps.io/NCVA_DolphinWorkshops2020/ https://safmc-shinyapps.shinyapps.io/S_FL_DolphinWorkshops2021/ ] ] --- background-image: url("https://github.com/NOAA-EDAB/presentations/raw/master/docs/EDAB_images/JuanJCruz-MottaSCS7slide10.png") background-size: cover ## Caribbean example: stakeholder-led EBFM .footnote[ slide courtesy Juan J. Cruz-Motta ] --- background-image: url("https://github.com/NOAA-EDAB/presentations/raw/master/docs/EDAB_images/allcomponents.png") background-size: 800px background-position: right bottom ## Engagement 4: Stakeholder engagement for Management Strategy Evaluation *Are any Atlantic herring harvest control rules good for both fisheries and predators?* .pull-left-30[ **Harvest control rules** are: - plans for changing fishing based on stock status - pre-determined *"Which harvest control rules best consider herring's role as forage?"* - DESIGN a harvest control rule (HCR): - balancing fishing benefits and ecological services - addressing diverse stakeholder interests - TRANSPARENTLY within management time frame! ] --- background-image: url("https://github.com/NOAA-EDAB/presentations/raw/master/docs/EDAB_images/MgtProcess.png") background-size: 800px background-position: right ## The Herring MSE process .pull-left-30[ *First MSE within US Council* <a name=cite-feeney_integrating_2018></a>([Feeney, et al., 2018](http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/cjfas-2018-0125)) Scope: annual stockwide HCR Open stakeholder meetings (2) - ID objectives, uncertainties - ID acceptable performance - more diverse, interactive than "normal" process Uncertainties identified - herring mortality (M) - environmental effects on herring - predator response to herring abundance - assessment uncertainty ] --- background-image: url("https://github.com/NOAA-EDAB/presentations/raw/master/docs/EDAB_images/OMdesign.png") background-size: 750px background-position: right ## Linked models matching stakeholder-identified objectives .pull-left-30[ The Dream:<sup>1</sup> Convert the effects of control rules on 4 user groups to dollars: .contrib[ 1. Users of landed herring (Demand) - Lobster industry, aquariums 1. Herring harvesters (Supply) 1. Direct users of herring in the ocean (not people) - Terns and Whales - Striped Bass, Dogfish 1. Indirect users of herring in the ocean (people, Derived Demand) - Bird- and whale-watchers - Recreational and Commercial Fishing ] The Reality .contrib[ - 8 herring operating models linked to simple predator and economic models, developed in parallel - limited range of predator response - limited economic effects, directed fishery only ] <a name=cite-deroba_dream_2018></a>([Deroba, et al., 2018](http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/cjfas-2018-0128)) ] .footnote[ <sup>1</sup> Credit: [Min-Yang Lee](https://s3.amazonaws.com/nefmc.org/13.Economic-Models_Lee.pdf) ] --- ## Stakeholder process for Summer flounder recreational discards MSE [Broad online scoping results](https://www.mafmc.org/s/Background_c_Scoping-Feedback_Regional-Summary.pdf) helped develop [Core stakeholder group](https://www.mafmc.org/s/Summer-Flounder-MSE-Core-Stakeholder-Group-Selection_Final.pdf)  .center[] --- ## Governance: Fishery management in the US Eight regional Fishery Management Councils establish plans for sustainable management of stocks within their jurisdictions. All are governed by the same law, but tailor management to their regional stakeholder needs. .center[  ] .footnote[ More information: http://www.fisherycouncils.org/ https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/topic/laws-policies#magnuson-stevens-act ] --- ## Current governance complexity range .pull-left-40[ Alaska: 1 Council, 1 State Pacific coast: 1 Council, 3 States Atlantic coast: 3 Councils, 1 Interstate Commission, 15 States * Difficult to deal with climate issues affecting whole coast * Stocks moving beyond boundaries * User conflicts * Wind development conflicts ] .pull-right-60[   ] -- Western Pacific and Caribbean: multiple US territories and international waters! --- background-image: url("https://github.com/NOAA-EDAB/presentations/raw/master/docs/EDAB_images/CCFisheriesGov2014.png") background-size: 400px background-position: right ## EBM issues in the region: Climate Change and Wind Energy Development ## Initial coordination steps [2014 US East Coast Climate and Governance conference](https://www.mafmc.org/workshop/climate-change-governance) https://www.mafmc.org/s/Climate-and-Governance-Workshop-Report.pdf ## Climate scenario planning * Pacific Coast https://www.pcouncil.org/actions/climate-and-communities-initiative/ * Atlantic Coast https://www.mafmc.org/climate-change-scenario-planning --- ## East coast scenario planning process: https://www.mafmc.org/climate-change-scenario-planning .pull-left[ *Engagement*  *Steps*  ] .pull-right[  ] --- background-image: url("https://github.com/NOAA-EDAB/presentations/raw/master/docs/EDAB_images/EastCoastClimateScenarios.png") background-size: 600px background-position: right .pull-left-60[ ## How to use the scenarios? >Cross-Jurisdictional Management & Governance > >* What major stresses would be placed on existing cross-jurisdictional (Council/Commission/State) governance arrangements in this scenario? * Would current approaches for updating management authority over a fishery work well? Here, management authority refers to the entity (Council(s), Commission, or NOAA) responsible for developing the management plan. * What mechanisms for changing management authority need to be considered? For example, automatic triggers based on changes in stock distribution? * What management challenges are present for species that move across jurisdictional boundaries? * What actions/changes are needed to better manage species that move across jurisdictional boundaries? ] .pull-right-40[ .footnote[ https://www.mafmc.org/s/ECSP-Scenario-Narratives_Nov-2022.pdf ] ] --- ## Conclusions ([Muffley, et al., 2021](https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2021.1846156)) * The process takes time – need to recognize that early and be willing to invest the resources to see it through + Need the science to develop and support efforts + Need management (and stakeholders) to understand process and concepts and support process * Collaboration is key + Within the science community – diverse expertise is needed + Between science and management – understanding what information is needed and important to management, providing tools to management to understand ecosystem linkages and implications + Between science and stakeholders – need to build trust, open dialogue (everyone is heard), and sharing data and observations (on water and with information) + Between management and stakeholders – listening to/acting on stakeholder priorities and feedback, process not out to add more uncertainty but provide for more informed decisions * Timely and understandable scientific information + Developing a process to create science products at timescales necessary for management + Information needs to be relevant and clearly presented + Flexibility to use different/alternative data sources when specific data in not available (proxies) ??? --- ## References .contrib[ <a name=bib-bastille_improving_2021></a>[Bastille, K. et al.](#cite-bastille_improving_2021) (2021). 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