State of the Ecosystem:

class: right, middle, my-title, title-slide

# State of the Ecosystem:
## Mid-Atlantic 2020 with updates to EAFM Risk Assessment
### Sarah Gaichas and Kim Bastille Ecosystem Dynamics and Assessment Northeast Fisheries Science Center

---

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# Today's Talk

.pull-left[

- Role of Ecosystem reporting in MAFMC EAFM

- New! Response memo

- 2020 Mid-Atlantic Report

- EAFM risk assessment update

- SSC discussion and feedback
]

.pull-right[
*The IEA Loop1*
![IEA process from goal setting to assessment to strategy evaluation with feedbacks](EDAB_images/iea-loop.png)
]

.footnote[
[1] https://www.integratedecosystemassessment.noaa.gov/national/IEA-approach
]

???

---
## Mid-Atlantic Council Ecosystem Approach

* 2016 EAFM Policy Guidance document; revised 20191

* MAFMC EAFM framework2
.center[
![:img Mid-Atlantic EAFM framework with full details in speaker notes, 60%](EDAB_images/Framework.png)
]
* 2017 Inital EAFM risk assessment completed; revised and published 20183

* SOE indicators to be used for annual risk assessment updates

.footnote[
[1] http://www.mafmc.org/s/EAFM-Doc-Revised-2019-02-08.pdf
[2] https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2016.00105/full
[3] https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2018.00442/full
]

???
The Council’s EAFM framework has similarities to the IEA loop on slide 2. It uses risk assessment as a first step to prioritize combinations of managed species, fleets, and ecosystem interactions for consideration. Second, a conceptual model is developed identifying key environmental, ecological, social, economic, and management linkages for a high-priority fishery. Third, quantitative modeling addressing Council-specified questions and based on interactions identified in the conceptual model is applied to evaluate alternative management strategies that best balance management objectives. As strategies are implemented, outcomes are monitored and the process is adjusted, and/or another priority identified in risk assessment can be addressed.

---
## State of the Ecosystem (SOE) Reporting: Context for busy people

*"So what?" --John Boreman, September 2016*

1. Clear linkage of ecosystem indicators with management objectives

1. Synthesis across indicators for big picture

1. Objectives related to human-well being placed first in report

1. Short (< 30 pages), non-technical (but rigorous) text

1. Emphasis on reproducibility

.center[
![:img relating environment marine habitat and the marine community to human activities social systems and objectives, 60%](EDAB_images/nes-components-abstracted.png)
]

???
In 2016, we began taking steps to address these common critiques of the ESR model

---
## State of the Ecosystem 2020: Response Memo

Our response to the need for more formal response to comments!

* 30 comments or requests from 2019
  * One addressed by having the response memo
  * 21 addressed within the SOE at SSC/Council request
    * New summary section with synthetic overview addresses 3 requests
    * 5 new indicators added 
    * 3 existing indicators modified
    * 5 editorial updates 
    * 5 partially addressed requests
  * 8 not currently addressed within SOE
    * 2 have information summaries in the response memo
    * 2 may be addressed by student projects 
    * 1 needs feedback on how to deal with known data issue
    * 1 seeking data
    * 1 relevant to 2019 visualization that was replaced in 2020
    * 1 beyond capacity to address at present
    
SSC feedback requested on the approach and all details, memo has specific questions

---
## State of the Ecosystem 2020: Structure
.pull-left[

### Report Structure
1. Summary 2 pager

1. Human dimensions

1. Protected species

1. Fish and invertebrates (managed and otherwise)

1. Habitat quality and ecosystem productivity
]

.pull-right[

*Established ecosystem-scale objectives in the Mid-Atlantic*

<table class="risktable table" style="font-size: 14px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
 <thead>
 <tr>
 <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> Objective Categories </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> Indicators reported here </th>
 </tr>
 </thead>
<tbody>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Seafood Production </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Landings by feeding guild </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Profits </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Revenue decomposed to price and volume </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Recreation </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Days fished; recreational catch </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Stability </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Diversity indices (fishery and species) </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Social &amp; Cultural </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Commercial engagement trends </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Biomass </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Biomass or abundance by feeding guild from surveys </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Productivity </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Condition and recruitment of managed species, Primary productivity </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Trophic structure </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Relative biomass of feeding guilds, Zooplankton </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Habitat </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Estuarine and offshore habitat conditions </td>
 </tr>
</tbody>
</table>
]

---
## Memo 1-2: Summary 2 pager with visualizations

.pull-left[
![:img State of the Ecosystem page 1 summary bullets, 100%](EDAB_images/MAFMC-SOE-2-pager-SSCdraft.png)
]

.pull-right[
![:img State of the Ecosystem page 2 infographic, 100%](EDAB_images/MAFMC-SOE-2-pager-SSCdraft2.png)
]

---
## Memo 3: Indicator uncertainty

![Spring (left) and fall (right) surveyed biomass in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. Data from the NEFSC Bottom Trawl Survey are shown in black, with NEAMAP shown in red. The shaded area around each annual mean represents 2 standard deviations from the mean. ](20200310_MAFMC_SSC_Gaichas_files/figure-html/nefsc-biomass-mab-1.png)

---
## Memo 3: Indicator uncertainty questions: VAST?

![:img VAST model Georges Bank piscivores biomass estimate with uncertainty](EDAB_images/ln_density.png)
  
---
## Memo 3: Indicator uncertainty questions: VAST? plus

.pull-left[
![:img VAST model Georges Bank piscivores biomass estimate with uncertainty, 100%](EDAB_images/biomass_plot.png)
]

.pull-right[
Uncertainty already included in:
  * Right whale abundance
  
Uncertainty difficult to include in:
  * Landings
  * Some diversity indices
  * Condition and productivity plots
  
]

## Priorities for uncertainty in other indicators?

## Recommended methods?

---
## Memo 4: Downeast ME (EPU-survey strata update)
.center[
![:img NEFSC survey strata used to calculate Ecosystem Production Unit biomass, 75%](EDAB_images/EPU_Designations_Map.jpg)
]

---
## Memo 5: Link zooplankton, fish condition

.pull-left[
![:img Diagram with possible relationships between oceanographic and habitat indicators, food web indicators, fish condition factor, fish population indicators, fishery economics indicators, and fishery objectives such as seafood production](EDAB_images/SOEconditionfactorlinks_color.png)
]

.pull-right[
![:img Same diagram as on the left, but with only phytoplankton, temperature, stomach fullness, condition, biomass, and stock productivity highlighted ](EDAB_images/SOEconditionfactorlinks_keycolor.png)
]

Conceptual model links indicators in the report with management objectives.

A subset of objectives are currently under investigation using GAMs. We plan to extend this work with structural equation modeling and or other methods in 2020.

---
## Memo 6: Ocean Acidification

NOAA is finalizing an Ocean Acidification research plan1.

Work is in progress to to bolster monitoring and to develop a baseline climatology for our region.

.center[
![:img US East Coast with ph, 40%](EDAB_images/occ_graphic3.jpg)
]

A time series indicator may be several years away. Until then, we seek feedback on what available information (for example, initial monitoring2) would be useful to the Councils right now.

.footnote[
[1] https://sab.noaa.gov/sites/SAB/Meetings/2019_Documents/Dec_Meeting/2020%20OA%20Research%20Plan%20DRAFT%20External%20Review.pdf
[2] https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/ocdweb/occ_oa.html
]
---
## Memo 7: Gulf Stream and Labrador Current

.pull-left-40[
![Index representing changes in the location of the Gulf Stream north wall. Positive values represent a more northerly Gulf Stream position.](20200310_MAFMC_SSC_Gaichas_files/figure-html/GSI-1.png)
]

.pull-right-60[
![Proportion of Warm Slope Water (WSW) and Labrador slope water (LSLW) entering the GOM through the Northeast Channel.](20200310_MAFMC_SSC_Gaichas_files/figure-html/wsw-prop-1.png)
]

## Memo 11: Warm Core Rings

.center[
![Interannual Variability of the WCR formation between 1980 and 2019. The regime shift (denoted by the split in the red solid line) is significant at the turn of the century.  Figure reproduced with permission from Gangopadhyay, et al. (2019).  2018 and 2019 data points based on personal communication with A. Gangopadhyay (2020).](20200310_MAFMC_SSC_Gaichas_files/figure-html/warm-core-rings-1.png)
]

???
MAFMC requested that this indicator be included (in past years it was in the New England report only).

---
.pull-left-30[
## Memo 8: PP Source

Satellite for all indicators
]

.pull-right-70[
.center[
![:img Map of 2019 chlorophyll a anomalies by season from satellite data, 80%](EDAB_images/CHL_SEASONAL_ANOMS_2019.png)
]
]

## Memo 9: Shellfish Growth

Roger Mann (VIMS) looking to fund student at NEFSC to evaluate

## Memo 10: Power Plants

Unable to address this aspect of estuarine water quality this year, but see 13

---
.pull-left[
## Memo 12: Cold Pool Index

![Temperature anomaly in cold pool region, defined as the area with a mean September-October bottom temperature <12°C from 1963 to 2013.](20200310_MAFMC_SSC_Gaichas_files/figure-html/cold-pool-1.png)

Temperature change within the cold pool vs. volume or other metric?
]

.pull-right[
![:img Three dimensional map of the Northeast US shelf showing major bottom, current, and other oceanographic features: Mid-Atlantic bight with the cold pool, circulation on Georges Bank and in the Gulf of Maine, the Scotian Shelf off Canada, the Labrador Current coming from the North and the Gulf Stream offshore with associated warm core and cold core rings spinning off. Precipitation over land affects water quality in the Chesapeake Bay., 120%](EDAB_images/MAFMC_NE_SHELF_MAP.png)
]

---
## Memo 13: Estuarine Water Quality

.pull-left[
*Chesapeake Bay water quality update* 
![Salinity in Chesapeake Bay throughout 2018 (blue) and 2019 (red)  as well as the daily average 2008-2019 (black) and the full observed range 2008-2019 (gray shading).](20200310_MAFMC_SSC_Gaichas_files/figure-html/cb-salinity-1.png)

High precipitation let to extreme low salinity event in spring 2019

## What spatial scale to combine NERR data?

## What indicators of most interest?

## Use existing thresholds?

]

.pull-right[
*How best to incorporate NERR data?*
![:img Map for status of an example indicator across all National Esturarine Research Reserves, Triangle pointing up = increasing trend; Triangle pointing down = decreasing trend, Flat line = no trend.](EDAB_images/nerrs_map.png)

![:img Dissolved inorganic Nitrogen at the Menauhant sampling station in Waquoit Bay, 2007-2018](EDAB_images/NERRs_MH_DIN.png)
]

---
## Memo 14: Link Environment and Society

*Primary Production Required to support landings (see also Memo 5, Memo 15)*
.pull-left[
![Primary production required to support MAB commercial landings. Included are the top species accounting for 80\% of the landings in each year, with 15\% transfer efficiency assumed between trophic levels.](20200310_MAFMC_SSC_Gaichas_files/figure-html/ppr-mab-1.png)

## Transfer efficiency 15%

## Unlagged landings and primary production

## Landings threshold 80%

## Which sensitivities to explore?
]

.pull-right[
![:img species included in 80% of landings in the Mid Atlantic](EDAB_images/composition-MAB-0_80.png)
]

---
## New Indicator: Fishery links to society

.center[
![Commercial engagement scores (total pounds landed, value landed, commercial permits, and commercial dealers in a community) for Mid-Atlantic fishing communities, 2004-2018.](20200310_MAFMC_SSC_Gaichas_files/figure-html/MAB-comm-engagement-trend-1.png)
]

Fewer highly engaged Mid-Atlantic communities; engagement scores for medium-highly engaged communities decreasing, linked to landings/revenue?

.pull-left[
![Total commercial seafood landings (black) and Mid-Atlantic managed seafood landings (red).](20200310_MAFMC_SSC_Gaichas_files/figure-html/total-landings-1.png)
]

.pull-right[
![Total revenue for the region (black) and revenue from MAFMC managed species (red).](20200310_MAFMC_SSC_Gaichas_files/figure-html/comm-revenue-1.png)
]

---
## Memo 15: Wind Energy Habitat Overlap

<table class="risktable table" style="font-size: 11px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
 <thead>
<tr>
<th style="border-bottom:hidden" colspan="1"></th>
<th style="border-bottom:hidden; padding-bottom:0; padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;text-align: center; " colspan="2"><div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 5px; ">Existing - North</div></th>
<th style="border-bottom:hidden; padding-bottom:0; padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;text-align: center; " colspan="2"><div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 5px; ">Proposed - North</div></th>
<th style="border-bottom:hidden; padding-bottom:0; padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;text-align: center; " colspan="2"><div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 5px; ">Existing - Mid</div></th>
<th style="border-bottom:hidden; padding-bottom:0; padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;text-align: center; " colspan="2"><div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 5px; ">Proposed - Mid</div></th>
<th style="border-bottom:hidden; padding-bottom:0; padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;text-align: center; " colspan="2"><div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 5px; ">Existing - South</div></th>
</tr>
 <tr>
 <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> Season </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> Species </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> Trend </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> Species </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> Trend </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> Species </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> Trend </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> Species </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> Trend </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> Species </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> Trend </th>
 </tr>
 </thead>
<tbody>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Spring </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Little Skate </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Atlantic Herring </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Little Skate </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Spiny Dogfish </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Spiny Dogfish </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Spring </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Atlantic Herring </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\searrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Little Skate </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Atlantic Herring </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\searrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Atlantic Herring </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\searrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Longfin Squid </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Spring </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Windowpane </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Longhorn Sculpin </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Spiny Dogfish </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Little Skate </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Summer Flounder </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Spring </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Winter Skate </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Windowpane </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Windowpane </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Alewife </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\searrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Clearnose Skate </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Spring </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Longhorn Sculpin </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Alewife </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\searrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Winter Skate </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Silver Hake </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Spotted Hake </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Fall </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Butterfish </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Butterfish </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Summer Flounder </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Longhorn Sculpin </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Longfin Squid </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\searrow\)` </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Fall </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Longfin Squid </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Fourspot Flounder </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Longfin Squid </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Little Skate </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Northern Searobin </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Fall </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Summer Flounder </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Longhorn Sculpin </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\searrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Butterfish </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Butterfish </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Clearnose Skate </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Fall </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Winter Flounder </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\searrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Summer Flounder </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Smooth Dogfish </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Sea Scallop </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Butterfish </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Fall </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Spiny Dogfish </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\searrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Spiny Dogfish </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\searrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Windowpane </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Fourspot Flounder </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Spiny Dogfish/Spotted Hake </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> `\(\nearrow\)` </td>
 </tr>
</tbody>
</table>

.pull-left[
![Map of BOEM existing (black) and proposed (red) lease areas in North (N), Mid (M) and South (S) portions of the coast as of February 2019.](20200310_MAFMC_SSC_Gaichas_files/figure-html/wind-hab-1.png)
]

.pull-right[
## Fishery overlap to be added

## What habitat model outputs most useful?
]
---
## Memo 16: Other Social Science Indicators

Included https://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/humandimensions/social-indicators/

## Memo 17: Management Complexity

Define how to use indicator in risk assessment to refine further

## Memo 18: SAFMC and ASMFC Species

.pull-left[
Splitting out SAFMC, ASMFC removed downward catch diversity trend

![Recreational effort diversity and diversity of recreational catch in the Mid-Atlantic.](20200310_MAFMC_SSC_Gaichas_files/figure-html/rec-div-1.png)
]

.pull-right[
![Blue runner presence on Northeast Shelf](20200310_MAFMC_SSC_Gaichas_files/figure-html/blue-runner-1.png)

]

## Memo 19: Conceptual Model Social Elements

Not added because the previous conceptual model was replaced

---
## Memo 20: Fish Diet Indicators

![Stomach fullness anomaly in the Mid-Atlantic Bight.](20200310_MAFMC_SSC_Gaichas_files/figure-html/ma-stomachs-1.png)

Define objectives for this indicator for further refinement.

---
## Memo 21: Right Whale Calves

.center[
![Number of North Atlantic right whale calf births, 1990 - 2019.](20200310_MAFMC_SSC_Gaichas_files/figure-html/NARW-calf-abundance-1.png)
]

## Memo 22: Distinguish Managed Species

Council-managed species separated in landings plots; see Appendix table.

## Memo 23: Marine Mammal Consumption

Seal diet information added, but inadequate information to estimate consumption.

---
## Memo 24: Small Pelagic Abundance

![Spring (left) and fall (right) surveyed biomass of planktivores in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. Data from the NEFSC Bottom Trawl Survey are shown in black, with NEAMAP shown in red. The shaded area around each annual mean represents 2 standard deviations from the mean. ](20200310_MAFMC_SSC_Gaichas_files/figure-html/planktivores-1.png)

Attempt VAST? Other data sources and suggestions? *Forage energy density:*

<table class="table" style="font-size: 11px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
 <thead>
<tr>
<th style="border-bottom:hidden" colspan="1"></th>
<th style="border-bottom:hidden; padding-bottom:0; padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;text-align: center; " colspan="2"><div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 5px; ">Spring 2017</div></th>
<th style="border-bottom:hidden; padding-bottom:0; padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;text-align: center; " colspan="2"><div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 5px; ">Fall 2017</div></th>
<th style="border-bottom:hidden; padding-bottom:0; padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;text-align: center; " colspan="2"><div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 5px; ">Spring 2018</div></th>
<th style="border-bottom:hidden; padding-bottom:0; padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;text-align: center; " colspan="2"><div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 5px; ">Fall 2018</div></th>
<th style="border-bottom:hidden; padding-bottom:0; padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;text-align: center; " colspan="2"><div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 5px; ">Total</div></th>
<th style="border-bottom:hidden; padding-bottom:0; padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;text-align: center; " colspan="1"><div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 5px; ">1980s</div></th>
<th style="border-bottom:hidden; padding-bottom:0; padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;text-align: center; " colspan="1"><div style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; padding-bottom: 5px; ">1990s</div></th>
</tr>
 <tr>
 <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> Species </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> ED (SD) </th>
 <th style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;"> N </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> ED (SD) </th>
 <th style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;"> N </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> ED (SD) </th>
 <th style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;"> N </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> ED (SD) </th>
 <th style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;"> N </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> ED (SD) </th>
 <th style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;"> N </th>
 <th style="text-align:right;font-weight: bold;"> ED </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> ED (SD) </th>
 </tr>
 </thead>
<tbody>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Alewife </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 6.84 (1.62) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 128 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 8.12 (1.46) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 50 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 6.45 (1.21) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 47 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 7.41 (1.6) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 42 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 7.1 (1.62) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 267 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 6.4 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Atl. Herring </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 5.34 (0.94) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 122 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 5.77 (1.31) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 52 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 6.69 (0.85) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 51 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 5.41 (1.34) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 50 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 5.69 (1.19) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 275 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 10.6 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 9.4 (1.4) </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Atl. Mackerel </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> NA </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 7.24 (1.13) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 50 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 5.33 (0.86) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 51 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 6.89 (1.07) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 50 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 6.48 (1.32) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 151 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 6.0 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Butterfish </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 7.13 (1.59) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 65 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 7.31 (1.45) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 89 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 4.91 (1.12) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 53 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 8.1 (2.7) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 50 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 6.92 (2.04) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 257 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 6.2 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Illex </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 5.54 (0.4) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 77 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 5.43 (0.51) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 52 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 5.5 (0.52) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 50 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 4.76 (0.79) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 50 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 5.33 (0.63) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 229 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 7.1 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 5.9 (0.56) </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Loligo </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 5.22 (0.36) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 83 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 5.24 (0.26) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 60 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 4.84 (0.63) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 52 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 4.6 (0.72) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 50 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 5.02 (0.56) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 245 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 5.6 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Sand lance </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 6.66 (0.54) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 18 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> NA </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 5.78 (0.34) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 60 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 7.99 (0.74) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 8 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 6.17 (0.81) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 86 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 6.8 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 4.4 (0.82) </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Silver hake </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 4.25 (0.39) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 189 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 4.42 (0.45) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 50 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 4.19 (0.39) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 50 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 4.55 (0.63) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 50 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> 4.31 (0.46) </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 339 </td>
 <td style="text-align:right;"> 4.6 </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> </td>
 </tr>
</tbody>
</table>
---
## Memo 25: Young of Year Index
.center[
![Small fish per large fish biomass anomaly in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. The summed anomaly across species is shown by the black line.](20200310_MAFMC_SSC_Gaichas_files/figure-html/MAB-recruitment-1.png)
]

## Memo 26: Shark Biomass

Still looking for a source; HMS provided 2017-2019 landings

## Memo 27: Trawl Species Diversity

Inappropriate to combine Albatross and Bigelow--separate indices?

---
## Memo 28: Ecosystem Risk Score

Options from the literature, or combine existing indicators?

.center[
![Marine heatwave cumulative intensity (left) and maximum intensity (right) in the Mid-Atlantic Bight.](20200310_MAFMC_SSC_Gaichas_files/figure-html/heatwave-mab-1.png)
]

.pull-left[
![img: January - December 2019 sea surface temperatures above 90th percentile of average](EDAB_images/MAB_heatwave.jpeg)
]

.pull-right[
![Maximum intensity heatwave anomaly in the Mid-Atlantic Bight occurring on July 22, 2019.](20200310_MAFMC_SSC_Gaichas_files/figure-html/mab-heatwave-max-1.png)
]

---
## Memo 29: Thresholds and Inflection Points

Individual indicators or using many indicators at once? Single indicator example:  
.center[
![Marine heatwave cumulative intensity (left) and maximum intensity (right) in the Gulf of Maine .](20200310_MAFMC_SSC_Gaichas_files/figure-html/gom-heatwave-1.png)
]

## Lots of academic work on this: what is a useful starting point?

.contrib[
Large, S. I., Fay, G., Friedland, K. D., and Link, J. S. 2013. Defining trends and thresholds in responses of ecological indicators to fishing and environmental pressures. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 755–767.

Large, S. I., Fay, G., Friedland, K. D., and Link, J. S. 2015. Quantifying Patterns of Change in Marine Ecosystem Response to Multiple Pressures: e0119922. PLoS One, 10. http://search.proquest.com/docview/1664222461/abstract/120C1207C54548BEPQ/1 (Accessed 14 October 2016).

Samhouri, J. F., Andrews, K. S., Fay, G., Harvey, C. J., Hazen, E. L., Hennessey, S. M., Holsman, K., et al. 2017. Defining ecosystem thresholds for human activities and environmental pressures in the California Current. Ecosphere, 8: e01860.

Tam, J. C., Link, J. S., Large, S. I., Andrews, K., Friedland, K. D., Gove, J., Hazen, E., et al. 2017. Comparing Apples to Oranges: Common Trends and Thresholds in Anthropogenic and Environmental Pressures across Multiple Marine Ecosystems. Frontiers in Marine Science, 4. Frontiers. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2017.00282/full (Accessed 9 March 2020).

]

---
## SOE Take Home Messages

* Primary production required to support commercial fisheries is declining along with landings and revenue (as primary production has increased) 
--

* Commercial fishing engagement has declined for medium-highly engaged communities 
--

* Recreational retained catch was lowest observed in 2018, and effort has been declining along with fleet effort diversity 
--
  
  * Recreational catch diversity has been maintained by SAFMC/ASMFC species 
--
  
  * Habitat models identified species most likely to occur in wind lease areas; habitat has improved in wind lease areas for these MAFMC species 
--
  
  * While aggregate fish biomass is stable over time, shifts to the northeast and into deeper water continue 
--
  
  * Forage fish energy content varies by season and year; herring energy content may be half what it was in the 1980s-90s 
--
  
  * Heavy rains put unprecedented fresh water and nutrients into Chesapeake Bay in 2018-2019
--
  
  * Gulf stream instability produces more warm core rings with higher likelihood of warm salty water and associated species on the shelf
--
  
  * Marine surface water heatwaves are increasing in duration and intensity, bottom temperatures and the cold pool are warming
--
  
  * Warmer waters increase nutrient recycling and summer primary production

---
## EAFM Risk Assessment update (I)

Management elements updated from original 2017 risk assessment; added risk rankings for chub mackerel and unmanaged forage fish.

### Decreased Risk (5)

* Regulatory complexity risk for summer flounder decreased from high to med-high due to increased consistency in recent years
  * Technical interaction risk for commercial scup decreased from med-high to low-med because no accountability measures have been triggered
  * Allocation risks for recreational Atlantic mackerel, commercial longfin squid, and commercial spiny dogfish dropped from high to low due to changes in management approaches

### Increased Risk (15)

* Bluefish status went from not overfished to overfished
  * Increased discards (5), reduced management control (4), allocation (3), other ocean uses (1), regulatory complexity (1)
  
---
## EAFM Risk Assessment update (II)

### Re-evaluate Risk (2)

* Chesapeake Bay water quality
  
  * Recreational retained catch/seafood production

### Potential New Risk Indicators (3)

* Commercial fishery engagement time series
  
  * Recreational diversity indices (fleet and catch)
  
  * Other ocean uses: fish habitat overlap with wind energy lease areas

---
## EAFM Risk Assessment: 2020 update
*Species level risk elements*
<table class="risktable table" style="font-size: 14px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
 <thead>
 <tr>
 <th style="text-align:left;"> Species </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;"> Assess </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;"> Fstatus </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;"> Bstatus </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;"> FW1Pred </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;"> FW1Prey </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;"> FW2Prey </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;"> Climate </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;"> DistShift </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;"> EstHabitat </th>
 </tr>
 </thead>
<tbody>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Ocean Quahog </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Surfclam </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Summer flounder </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Scup </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Black sea bass </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Atl. mackerel </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Butterfish </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Longfin squid </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Shortfin squid </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Golden tilefish </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Blueline tilefish </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Bluefish </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Spiny dogfish </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Monkfish </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Unmanaged forage </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> na </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> na </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> na </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> na </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> na </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> na </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Deepsea corals </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> na </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> na </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> na </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> na </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> na </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> na </td>
 </tr>
</tbody>
</table>

*Ecosystem level risk elements*
<table class="risktable table" style="font-size: 14px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
 <thead>
 <tr>
 <th style="text-align:left;"> System </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;"> EcoProd </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;"> CommRev </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;"> RecVal </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;"> FishRes1 </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;"> FishRes4 </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;"> FleetDiv </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;"> Social </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;"> ComFood </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;"> RecFood </th>
 </tr>
 </thead>
<tbody>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Mid-Atlantic </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 </tr>
</tbody>
</table>

---
## EAFM Risk Assessment: 2020 update
*Species and Sector level risk elements*
<table class="risktable table" style="font-size: 13px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
 <thead>
 <tr>
 <th style="text-align:left;"> Species </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;"> MgtControl </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;"> TecInteract </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;"> OceanUse </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;"> RegComplex </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;"> Discards </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;"> Allocation </th>
 </tr>
 </thead>
<tbody>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Ocean Quahog-C </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Surfclam-C </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Summer flounder-R </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Summer flounder-C </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Scup-R </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Scup-C </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Black sea bass-R </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Black sea bass-C </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Atl. mackerel-R </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Atl. mackerel-C </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Butterfish-C </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Longfin squid-C </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Shortfin squid-C </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Golden tilefish-R </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> na </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Golden tilefish-C </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Blueline tilefish-R </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Blueline tilefish-C </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Bluefish-R </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Bluefish-C </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> highest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Spiny dogfish-R </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Spiny dogfish-C </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Chub mackerel-C </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowmod </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Unmanaged forage </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> lowest </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> Deepsea corals </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> na </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> na </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> modhigh </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> na </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> na </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;"> na </td>
 </tr>
</tbody>
</table>

---
## External Resources

* [SOE Technical Documentation](https://noaa-edab.github.io/tech-doc)

* [ecodata R package](https://github.com/noaa-edab/ecodata)

* [Macrofauna indicators](http://noaa-edab.github.io/ecodata/macrofauna)
  * [Human Dimensions indicators](http://noaa-edab.github.io/ecodata/human_dimensions)
  * [Lower trophic level indicators](http://noaa-edab.github.io/ecodata/LTL)
  
* [ERDDAP server](https://comet.nefsc.noaa.gov/erddap/index.html)

* Slides available at https://noaa-edab.github.io/presentations/

---
## Contributors - THANK YOU!

The New England and Mid-Atlantic SOEs made possible by (at least) 38 contributors from 8 intstitutions

.pull-left[
.contrib[
Donald Anderson (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute) 
Andy Beet 
Patricia Clay 
Lisa Colburn 
Geret DePiper 
Michael Fogarty 
Paula Fratantoni 
Kevin Friedland 
Sarah Gaichas 
Avijit Gangopadhyay (School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth) 
James Gartland (Virginia Institute of Marine Science) 
Glen Gawarkiewicz (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) 
Sean Hardison 
Kimberly Hyde 
Terry Joyce (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute) 
John Kosik 
Steve Kress (National Audubon Society) 
Scott Large
]
]

.pull-right[
.contrib[
Don Lyons (National Audubon Society) 
Ruth Boettcher (Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries) 
Young-Oh Kwon (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute) 
Zhuomin Chen (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute) 
Sean Lucey 
Chris Melrose 
Ryan Morse 
Kimberly Murray 
Chris Orphanides 
Richard Pace 
Charles Perretti 
Vincent Saba 
Laurel Smith 
Mark Terceiro 
John Walden 
Harvey Walsh 
Mark Wuenschel
]
]

.center[
![:img NOAA Fisheries IEA logo, 40%](EDAB_images/noaa-iea.png)
]
---
## Appendix: Updated feeding guilds

<table class="table" style="font-size: 12px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<caption style="font-size: initial !important;">Feeding guilds and management bodies.</caption>
 <thead>
 <tr>
 <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> Guild </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> MAFMC </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> Joint </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> NEFMC </th>
 <th style="text-align:left;font-weight: bold;"> State or Other </th>
 </tr>
 </thead>
<tbody>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> Apex Predator </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;width: 4cm; "> NA </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> NA </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;width: 5cm; "> NA </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;width: 6cm; "> bluefin tuna, shark uncl, swordfish, yellowfin tuna </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> Piscivore </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;width: 4cm; "> bluefish, longfin squid, northern shortfin squid, summer flounder </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> goosefish, spiny dogfish </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;width: 5cm; "> acadian redfish, atlantic cod, atlantic halibut, clearnose skate, little skate, offshore hake, pollock, red hake, silver hake, smooth skate, thorny skate, white hake, winter skate </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;width: 6cm; "> fourspot flounder, john dory, sea raven, striped bass, weakfish, windowpane </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> Planktivore </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;width: 4cm; "> atlantic mackerel, butterfish </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> NA </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;width: 5cm; "> atlantic herring </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;width: 6cm; "> alewife, american shad, blackbelly rosefish, blueback herring, cusk, longhorn sculpin, lumpfish, menhaden, northern sand lance, northern searobin, sculpin uncl </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> Benthivore </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;width: 4cm; "> black sea bass, scup, tilefish </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> NA </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;width: 5cm; "> american plaice, barndoor skate, crab,red deepsea, haddock, ocean pout, rosette skate, winter flounder, witch flounder, yellowtail flounder </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;width: 6cm; "> american lobster, atlantic wolffish, blue crab, cancer crab uncl, chain dogfish, cunner, jonah crab, lady crab, smooth dogfish, spider crab uncl, squid cuttlefish and octopod uncl, striped searobin, tautog </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> Benthos </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;width: 4cm; "> atlantic surfclam, ocean quahog </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;width: 2cm; "> NA </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;width: 5cm; "> sea scallop </td>
 <td style="text-align:left;width: 6cm; "> blue mussel, channeled whelk, sea cucumber, sea urchin and sand dollar uncl, sea urchins, snails(conchs) </td>
 </tr>
</tbody>
</table>

---
class: inverse
background-image: url("EDAB_images/IMG_2809.jpg")
background-size: cover

## Questions? Thank you!

&nbsp;

.pull-left[
Contacts:  
]
.pull-right[
sarah.gaichas@noaa.gov  
]